FIVE MAJOR
EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
|
Perennialism
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Idealism
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Realism
|
Experimentalism
|
Existentialism
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Reality/Ontology
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A world of reason and God
|
A world of the mind
|
A world of things
|
A world of experience
|
A world of existing
|
Truth
(knowledge)/Epistemology
|
Reason and revelation
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Consistency of Ideas
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Correspondence and
sensation (as we see it)
|
What works
What is
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Personal subjective choice
|
Goodness/Axiology
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Rationality
|
Imitation of ideal self,
person to be emulated
|
Laws of nature
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The public test
|
Freedom
|
Teaching Reality
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Disciplinary subjects and
doctrine
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Subject of the mind –
literary, philosophical, religious
|
Subjects of physical world
– math, science
|
Subject matter of social
experiences – social studies
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Subject matter of choice –
art, ethics, philosophy
|
Teaching Truth
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Discipline of the mind via
drill
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Teaching ideas via
lecture, discussion
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Teaching for mastery, of
information – demonstrate, recite
|
Problem-solving, project
method
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Arousing personal
responses – questioning
|
|
Perennialism
|
Idealism
|
Realism
|
Experimentalism
|
Existentialism
|
Teaching Goodness
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Disciplining behavior (to
reason)
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Imitating heroes and other
examples
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Training in rules of
conduct
|
Making group decisions in
light of consequences
|
Awakening self to
responsibility
|
Why schools exists
|
To reveal reason and God’s
will
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To sharpen the mind and
intellectual processes
|
To reveal the order of the
world and universe
|
To discover and expand the
society we live in to share experiences
|
To aid children to knowing
themselves and their place in society
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What should be taught
|
Eternal truths
|
Wisdom of the ages
|
Laws of physical reality
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Group inquiry into social
problems and social sciences, methods and subject together
|
Unregimented topic areas
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Role of the teacher
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Interprets, tells
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Reports, person to be
emulated
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Displays imparts knowledge
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Aids, consultant
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Questions, assists student
in personal journey
|
Role of the student
|
Passive reception
|
Receives, memorizes
|
Manipulates, passive
participation
|
Active participation,
contributes
|
Determines own
|
|
Perennialism
|
Idealism
|
Realism
|
Experimentalism
|
Existentialism
|
School’s attitude toward
change
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Truth is eternal, no real
change
|
Truth to be preserved,
anti-change
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Always coming toward
perfection, orderly change
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Change is ever-present, a
process
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Change is necessary at all
times
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